Can AI-developed software be capitalised under IAS 38?

Full Explanation

IAS 38 distinguishes between research and development phases. During the research phase — exploring AI approaches, testing architectures, and evaluating feasibility — all costs must be expensed. Once a project enters the development phase, costs can be capitalised if all six criteria are met: (1) technical feasibility of completing the asset, (2) intention to complete and use or sell it, (3) ability to use or sell it, (4) probable future economic benefits, (5) availability of adequate resources, and (6) ability to reliably measure development expenditure. For AI projects, the critical challenge is determining when technical feasibility is established. Unlike traditional software where a working prototype is a clear milestone, AI models may produce useful outputs during training while still being in the research phase. Auditors typically look for evidence such as successful model validation on representative data, achievement of target accuracy thresholds, and a clear path to production deployment. Under US GAAP (ASC 350-40), internal-use software development costs follow similar capitalisation rules during the application development stage, and the forthcoming ASU 2025-06 is expected to provide more specific guidance for AI development costs.

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