Bolt-On Acquisition

An acquisition made by an existing portfolio company to expand its scale, capabilities, or market presence, often used interchangeably with bolt-on acquisition in private equity contexts. Add-on acquisitions may range from small tuck-in deals that fill specific gaps to larger transformative transactions that materially change the portfolio company's competitive position.

A business combination achieved in stages, where the acquirer held a previously existing equity interest in the acquiree before obtaining control. Under IFRS 3 and ASC 805, the acquirer must remeasure its previously held equity interest at fair value at the acquisition date and recognise any resulting gain or loss in profit or loss.

The required accounting method for business combinations under IFRS 3 and ASC 805, which involves identifying the acquirer, determining the acquisition date, recognising and measuring the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value, and recognising goodwill or a gain from a bargain purchase. The acquisition method replaced the previously permitted pooling of interests method and ensures that all identifiable intangible assets are separately recognised at fair value on the acquirer's balance sheet.

The total cost of acquiring a new customer, including marketing, sales, and onboarding expenses. Optimising the ratio of customer lifetime value to CAC (LTV:CAC) is a central challenge for growth businesses and a key metric scrutinised by investors.

The initial acquisition made by a private equity fund in a particular sector or sub-sector, intended to serve as the foundation for a buy-and-build strategy through subsequent add-on acquisitions. Platform companies are typically larger, more established businesses with strong management teams, scalable infrastructure, and a proven operating model.

A private equity value creation approach in which a fund acquires a platform company and subsequently makes multiple add-on acquisitions to accelerate growth, expand market share, and create a business of greater scale and value than the sum of its parts. The strategy generates returns through operational improvement of the platform, multiple arbitrage (acquiring at lower multiples than the eventual exit multiple), and synergy realisation from integration.

An investment strategy that spreads private equity or venture capital commitments across multiple fund vintage years to reduce the impact of any single economic cycle on portfolio performance. Vintage diversification is a core principle of institutional portfolio construction and helps smooth the J-curve effect inherent in illiquid fund investments.

A private equity transaction in which one PE fund sells a portfolio company to another PE fund, rather than to a strategic buyer or through an IPO. Secondary buyouts have become the most common PE exit route, accounting for over 50% of European PE exits in recent years.