Survival Curve

A standardised set of actuarial survivor curves developed at Iowa State University that describe the retirement patterns of industrial property. Iowa curves are classified by shape (L, S, R, O types) and average service life, providing a systematic framework for modelling asset mortality.

The rate used to convert future expected cash flows into their present value, reflecting the time value of money and the risk associated with those cash flows. Selecting the appropriate discount rate is one of the most critical and sensitive decisions in intangible asset valuation, as small changes can materially alter the estimated fair value.

The present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from an asset or cash generating unit, calculated using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. Under IAS 36, value in use is one of two measures (alongside fair value less costs of disposal) used to determine recoverable amount for impairment testing.

A valuation methodology that estimates the value of an asset based on the present value of expected future economic benefits, such as cash flows, earnings, or cost savings. The income approach is the most widely used method for valuing intangible assets and includes techniques such as the relief-from-royalty and multi-period excess earnings methods.

An income approach valuation technique that values a primary intangible asset by isolating the cash flows attributable to it after deducting fair returns on all other contributory assets. MPEEM is the most commonly used method for valuing customer relationships in purchase price allocations under IFRS 3 and ASC 805.

A valuation technique that estimates the value of an intangible asset by modelling the cash flows of a hypothetical business that starts from scratch ('greenfield') with only the subject asset in place, building up all other assets over time. The greenfield method captures the head-start value of having the intangible asset from inception.

The period over which an intangible asset is expected to contribute to future cash flows, determining the duration of amortisation. Useful life may be finite (e.g., a patent term) or indefinite (e.g., a perpetually renewed trademark), and its estimation requires careful analysis of technological, legal, and competitive factors.

The estimated value of an asset at the end of its useful life or the end of a forecast period. In intangible asset valuation, residual value considerations are important for assets with finite lives, such as patents approaching expiration, as well as for terminal value calculations in discounted cash flow models.