What is the useful life of an AI model for amortisation purposes?
Short Answer
AI models typically have useful lives of 2-5 years for amortisation, reflecting rapid technological advancement, though the underlying training data and architecture may retain value longer.
Full Explanation
Determining the useful life of an AI model is one of the more challenging judgements in intangible asset accounting. Unlike a patent with a defined legal life or a customer contract with a stated term, AI models depreciate based on technological and economic factors. Key considerations include: the pace of advancement in the specific AI domain (NLP models may obsolete faster than industrial ML models), the availability and quality of retraining data, competitive dynamics, and regulatory changes. Most auditors and valuers assign useful lives of 2-5 years for AI models, with 3 years being a common benchmark for general-purpose models. However, several components may have different useful lives: the curated training dataset may retain value for 5-7 years, the model architecture for 3-5 years, and the specific trained weights for 1-3 years. Under IAS 38, if the useful life cannot be determined, the asset is treated as having an indefinite life and tested annually for impairment rather than amortised. For AI assets, regulators generally expect a finite life to be determinable given the pace of technological change.
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