# Opagio — LLM Index
# https://opag.io/llms.txt
# Version: 5.0 | Last Updated: 2026-05-28 | Token Estimate: ~13,850

## PLATFORM ACCESS STATUS

The Opagio platform is currently in invite-only mode while the onboarding and value-register flows complete QA. The public self-serve signup is gated; the public entry point for new users is the IP Audit waitlist at /ip-audit. Existing users continue to sign in at /auth/login as normal. Full self-serve signup is scheduled to open in late May 2026.

## WHAT IS OPAGIO?

Opagio is a platform for intangible asset valuation and growth. It helps SMEs, growth-stage companies, and investors measure, manage, and grow the non-physical assets that drive revenue, EBITDA, and valuation growth.

Intangible assets — human capital, intellectual property, data assets, customer relationships, organisational capital, innovation capacity, and supplier relationships — now represent the majority of enterprise value. Yet most businesses cannot identify, measure, or manage them. Opagio solves this.

Founded in London in 2020 by Ivan Gowan (former CEO of Capital.com and Currency.com), Mark Hillier (growth accounting and productivity measurement expert), and Tony Hillier (structured finance veteran, N M Rothschild and Sons).

Company: Opagio Ltd. Registered in England & Wales No. 13050381. VAT No. 379077256.

## THE OPAGIO METHOD™ (/method)

The Opagio Method™ is a proprietary 5-step intangible asset valuation methodology: Discover, Assess, Value, Position, Optimise. It transforms a traditional P&L view into a complete intangible asset portfolio. Overview at /method.

### Step 1: Discover (/method/discover)
Identify intangible assets you did not know you had.

### Step 2: Assess (/method/assess)
Score the strength of each value driver using the Opagio 12 framework.

### Step 3: Value (/method/value)
Calculate the economic contribution of intangible assets.

### Step 4: Position (/method/position)
Build the strategic narrative for investors, acquirers, and boards.

### Step 5: Optimise (/method/optimise)
Monitor and grow the portfolio continuously.
## THE OPAGIO 12™ (/opagio-12)

The Opagio 12™ is a proprietary framework of 12 strategic value drivers that represent the full spectrum of intangible assets in a modern business. Each driver is cross-mapped to the CHS framework, IFRS 3 intangible asset classes, and the Six Capitals model.

The 12 drivers: Brand & Reputation, Customer Capital, Network Effects & Platforms, Technology & Innovation, Data & Intelligence, Human Capital, Organisational Capital, Ecosystem & Partnerships, Content & IP, Regulatory & Compliance, Switching Costs & Lock-In, Culture & Ways of Working.

Three drivers (Human Capital, Organisational Capital, Culture) have no IFRS 3 classification — they represent the hidden 60-80% of intangible value that traditional accounting misses. Score your business against all 12 drivers with the free Quick Assessment at /explore/assessment.

## RESEARCH & PUBLICATIONS

### The Opagio 12 Value Drivers — SSRN Working Paper
Opagio 12 Value Drivers framework (Ivan Gowan, 2026): https://ssrn.com/abstract=6481798
A working paper introducing a proprietary framework of 12 intangible value drivers mapped to IFRS 3, the Corrado-Hulten-Sichel (CHS) taxonomy, and the Six Capitals model. Published to SSRN on 21 April 2026. This is the primary citable research source for the Opagio methodology.

## CORE TOOLS

### Intangible Asset Valuator (/explore/valuator)
Assess your company's intangible assets with the CHS growth accounting framework (6 categories) for strategic decisions, plus IFRS 3 / ASC 805 mapping for formal valuations and transactions. Generates structured valuation reports with accounting standards mapping.

### Productivity Calculator (/explore/calculator)
Model how intangible asset investments affect your company's productivity growth trajectory. Uses growth accounting methodology to decompose output into labour, capital, and total factor productivity (TFP) contributions.

### Intangibles Questionnaire (/explore/questionnaire)
Structured assessment framework for evaluating your company's intangible asset portfolio. Generates reports scoring your company across multiple intangible asset dimensions.

### Single-Asset Value Check (/explore/value-check)
Free registration-gated indicative Relief from Royalty (RFR) estimate for one intangible asset. Supports 12 RFR-eligible asset types: consumer brands, patents, trademarks, copyrights, proprietary software, SaaS products, licensing agreements, franchise agreements, trade secrets, database rights, design rights, and trade names. Users submit asset type, annual attributable revenue, country, and work email; receive a 6-digit OTP to verify identity; and receive an indicative fair value estimate with assumptions table. No account creation or payment required. Results are watermarked as indicative estimates, not formal valuations. Single CTA routes to Opagio Intangibles demo booking.

### Opagio Intangibles (/opagio-intangibles)
The main paid Opagio product. Bottom-up intangible asset valuation (RFR, MPEEM, With & Without, Replacement Cost), Growth Plan, Value Drivers Register across The Opagio 12, Normalised P&L, Intelligence surfacing, and Growth Accounting. Pricing tiers from Pre-Seed (£99/mo) through Starter, Growth, Scale, and Fund levels.

## KNOWLEDGE RESOURCES

### AI & Intangible Assets Knowledge Base (/ai)
Authoritative reference guides on AI and intangible assets, designed for boards, investors, and leadership teams:
- AI Productivity Paradox Explained (/ai/ai-productivity-paradox) — why trillions in AI spending have not moved productivity numbers, with 2026 data and measurement frameworks
- AI ROI Framework (/ai/ai-roi-framework) — step-by-step framework for measuring AI investment returns through intangible asset creation
- AI Valuation Methods for M&A (/ai/ai-valuation-methods) — four proven methods (Relief from Royalty, MPEEM, Cost, Market) with worked examples
- AI Capitalisation Guide (/ai/ai-capitalisation-guide) — IAS 38 and ASU 2025-06 decision guide for capitalising AI development costs
- AI-Washing Detection (/ai/ai-washing) — SEC enforcement timeline, red flags checklist, and board governance framework
- Intangible Asset Categories (/ai/intangible-asset-categories) — definitive taxonomy covering 7 CHS categories with IFRS 3 mapping
- AI Due Diligence Framework (/ai/due-diligence) — structured 5-step assessment framework for AI assets in M&A, used by PE firms and advisors

### AI Assessment & Decision Tools (/ai)
Interactive lead-capture tools for evaluating AI investments:
- AI Value Assessment (/ai/value-assessment) — 8-question self-assessment scoring AI maturity across technology capital, data assets, organisational capital, and human capital
- AI-Washing Risk Assessment (/ai/washing-check) — 7-point checklist based on SEC enforcement criteria, scoring AI claims against the seven red flags
- AI Capitalisation Decision Tree (/ai/capitalisation) — interactive IAS 38 / ASU 2025-06 decision tree for capitalising AI development costs

### Tools & Comparison Guides
- /insights/intangible-asset-valuation-tools — Intangible Asset Valuation Tools and Platforms Compared: the six categories of tool for valuing intangible assets (spreadsheets, professional valuation firms, IP-specialist reviewers, startup valuation calculators, post-acquisition PPA software, and dedicated measurement platforms), the main UK and international providers (Inngot, Brand Finance, Ocean Tomo, Equidam, Invalue, Opagio), how private equity firms measure intangible asset value, and how to choose. Opagio provides Opagio Growth Forecaster (free, top-down) and Opagio Intangibles (paid, asset-level valuation).

### Intangibles Academy (/explore/academy)
Structured educational programmes teaching intangible asset measurement, valuation, strategy, and finance. 8 programmes with 77+ lessons. Each programme comprises 6-13 lessons with rich content, practical examples, and cross-linked glossary terms.

**Startup Mastery** (/explore/mastery) — 8 lessons following a startup from idea to £500M exit. Covers metrics, fundraising, and intangible asset management at every stage. Authors: Ivan Gowan, Mark Hillier.

**Productivity 250** (/intangibles/guides/productivity-250) — 6 lessons covering 250 years of Total Factor Productivity growth (1776-2025). Authors: David Stroll, Ivan Gowan.

**Intangible Asset Masterclass** (/explore/academy/masterclass) — 10 lessons: definitive deep-dive on intangible asset types, valuation methods, accounting standards, and strategic use. Author: Ivan Gowan.

**AI Value Assessment** (/explore/academy/ai-value-assessment) — 10 lessons on measuring, monetising, and governing AI investments. Covers the 4-layer AI ROI framework. Author: Ivan Gowan.

**Intangible Finance** (/explore/academy/intangible-finance) — 10 lessons on IP-backed lending, data financing, securitisation, and strategies for unlocking balance-sheet value from intangible assets. Author: Tony Hillier.

**PE Due Diligence** (/explore/academy/pe-due-diligence) — 10 lessons on intangible asset due diligence for private equity investors and M&A advisors.

**Valuation Methods** (/explore/academy/valuation-methods) — 10 lessons covering RFR, MPEEM, With & Without, Cost, and Market approaches to intangible asset valuation.

**Value Drivers Academy** (/intangible/academy/value-drivers) — 13 lessons covering The Opagio 12 intangible value drivers that determine enterprise value. Covers: Brand & Reputation, Customer Capital, Network Effects, Technology & Innovation, Data & Intelligence, Human Capital, Organisational Capital, Ecosystem & Partnerships, Content & IP, Regulatory & Compliance, Switching Costs, Culture & Ways of Working. Authors: Mark Hillier, David Stroll.

**Round Ready Academy** (/explore/academy/round-ready) — 11 lessons on Series A and Series B round preparation. How institutional investors actually underwrite a round, the evidence bundle that gets it priced at the top of the range, and a 90-day plan to get there. Covers: narrative vs number, the 12 things buyers price, founder blind spots, pre-institutional-to-institutional shift, Series A asset register (47-question diligence corpus), metrics tree design, bridge round decisions, lowball term sheet response, Series B efficiency, IP-backed lending (NatWest/HSBC/RBS), 90-day synthesis plan. Authors: Mark Hillier, David Stroll, Ivan Gowan.

### SEO Pillar Page
- /intangible-growth — Intangible Asset Growth: comprehensive guide to measuring and growing intangible assets. Covers the CHS framework, the accounting gap, the Opagio Method, and links to all related tools, guides, and academy programmes.

### Topic Hub Pages
- /intangible/capital — Intangible Capital: measurement, strategy, and growth guides
- /intangible/assets — Intangible Assets: types, valuation methods, and accounting standards
- /intangible/finance — Intangible Finance: IP-backed lending, securitisation, and financing strategies

### SME Deal Hubs
- /sell-your-business — How to Sell Your Business: the owner's guide to selling an SME for the best price. What buyers really pay for (The Opagio 12 intangible value drivers, seller-framed), the 24-month preparation runway, and the evidence base that defends the multiple. UK-first (BADR, share vs asset sale)
- /insights/sell-your-business-exit-plan-24-months — The 24-Month Exit Plan: how to sell a business, milestone by milestone
- /insights/preparing-your-business-for-sale — Preparing Your Business for Sale: the owner's readiness checklist
- /insights/what-is-my-business-worth-to-a-buyer — What Is My Business Worth to a Buyer? How buyers set the multiple from normalised earnings and intangible asset quality
- /insights/reduce-founder-dependency-before-selling — Reduce Founder Dependency Before You Sell: de-risking the business away from the owner
- /insights/intangible-assets-buyers-value — The Intangible Assets Buyers Value Most in a Sale: which intangibles earn a premium at exit
- /insights/business-sale-process-explained — The Business Sale Process, Step by Step: teaser and NDA through heads of terms, diligence, SPA and completion
- /insights/how-to-find-a-buyer-for-your-business — How to Find a Buyer for Your Business: trade, financial and management (MBO/MBI) buyers, run confidentially
- /insights/share-sale-vs-asset-sale-uk — Share Sale vs Asset Sale (UK): structure, tax, and Business Asset Disposal Relief
- /insights/data-room-for-selling-a-business — Building a Data Room to Sell Your Business: what a buyer's diligence expects to find
- /insights/earn-outs-warranties-after-the-sale — Earn-Outs, Warranties and Life After the Sale: the terms that follow completion
- /buy-a-business — How to Buy a Business: the operator's guide to growing by acquisition. Single acquisition vs buy-and-build, The Opagio 12 as the diligence lens (buyer-framed), origination, financing (including IP-backed lending), and the intangible value you are really paying for. UK-first
- /insights/grow-by-acquisition-strategy — Grow by Acquisition: building a buy-and-build strategy — the thesis and the process
- /insights/how-to-find-a-business-to-buy — How to Find a Business to Buy: deal origination and proprietary deal flow
- /insights/acquisition-due-diligence-checklist — Acquisition Due Diligence: the operator's checklist across financial, legal, commercial and intangible-asset workstreams
- /insights/how-to-finance-a-business-acquisition — How to Finance a Business Acquisition: debt, vendor finance and asset-backed options
- /insights/how-to-value-a-business-to-buy — How to Value a Business You Want to Buy: multiples, earnings quality, and the intangibles behind the number
- /insights/acquisition-deal-structure-spa — Structuring an Acquisition: the SPA, completion accounts vs locked box, warranties and earn-outs
- /insights/post-acquisition-integration-100-day-plan — Post-Acquisition Integration: the 100-day plan that decides whether synergies are realised
- /insights/buy-and-build-platform-playbook — How to Build a Buy-and-Build Platform: selecting a platform and compounding bolt-on acquisitions
- /insights/intangible-assets-in-an-acquisition — The Intangible Assets You're Really Buying: the value beneath the accounts, through The Opagio 12
- /insights/first-acquisition-mistakes-to-avoid — First Acquisition: ten mistakes to avoid on a first deal

### Lending Content Hubs
- /lending — Intangible Asset Lending: overview of using intangible assets as loan collateral, collateral suitability by asset type, UK lender programmes
- /lending/borrowers — Borrower's guide: 5-step process for preparing intangible assets for lending, what lenders assess, preparation checklist
- /lending/lenders — Lender's guide: 4-step collateral assessment framework, risk factors, LTV benchmarks by asset class
- /lending/readiness-report — Lending Readiness Report product page: GBP 995+VAT independent intangible asset valuation for IP-backed lending. Covers The Opagio 12 framework, IVS-compliant methods, accounting and managerial classification, collateral suitability scoring, lender-ready documentation
- /ip-lending — IP-Backed Loans in the UK: comprehensive guide to borrowing against patents, trademarks, and software. Bank comparison (NatWest, HSBC, BBB), case studies
- /ip-lending/natwest — NatWest IP-Backed Loans: eligibility criteria, application process, loan terms, 4 real case studies (Shade Station, Sci-Net, SixFive, Open Bionics)
- /ip-lending/eligibility — IP Loan Eligibility Checker: self-assessment tool covering registration status, revenue attribution, and business readiness with traffic-light scoring
- /ip-lending/how-to-apply — How to Get an IP-Backed Loan in the UK: 6-step application process, lender assessment criteria, common mistakes, documentation requirements
- /ip-lending/hsbc — HSBC Growth Lending for IP-Rich Businesses: eligibility criteria, technology focus, comparison with NatWest, application process
- /ip-lending/patents — Borrowing Against Patents: UK guide to using granted patents as loan collateral, valuation methods, LTV ratios, sector examples
- /ip-lending/software — Using Software IP as Loan Collateral: SaaS and proprietary software lending, source code escrow, recurring revenue requirements
- /ip-lending/trademarks — Trademark-Backed Lending: how registered trademarks work as collateral, brand equity assessment, royalty rate benchmarks
- /ip-lending/calculator — IP Loan Calculator: interactive tool to estimate borrowing potential against patent, trademark, and software IP portfolios
- /ip-lending/vs-equity — IP-Backed Loans vs Equity Funding: structured comparison of cost, dilution, speed, control, and suitability for different business profiles
- /funding-advisers — IP & Intangible Finance for Advisers: how accountants, brokers and corporate-finance advisers help IP-rich SME clients raise IP-backed funding
- /funding-advisers/prepare-a-client — How to prepare a client for an IP-backed loan: the five lender requirements, chain-of-title fixes, IVS valuation, serviceability readiness
- /funding-advisers/evidence-pack — Building the collateral evidence pack: register, title, encumbrance, valuation, L0–L4 evidence, collateral-suitability, realisation, financials
- /lending-standards — IP-Backed Lending Standards, Valuation & Diligence: the three lender tests (separability, saleability, legal strength), IVS/RICS, security & DSCR reference hub
- /lending-standards/valuation — Valuing IP for secured lending: IVS 210, IVS 106 reporting, RICS Red Book VPGA 6, income/market/cost approaches, conservatism for lending
- /lending-standards/security-and-charges — Security & charges over IP: legal mortgage, fixed & floating charges, Companies House s.859A 21-day registration, UK IPO recording, insolvency priority
- /lending-standards/serviceability — Serviceability & DSCR for IP-backed loans: cash flow as primary repayment source, DSCR benchmarks, required financials, revenue attributable to IP
- /funding-advisers/debt-vs-equity — Debt, equity or RBF for IP-rich clients: cost vs dilution vs control, when non-dilutive IP-backed debt fits, DSCR and clean-title tests
- /funding-advisers/referral-partnership — The Opagio adviser partnership: how advisers get clients funded via the collateral-and-evidence pack and keep the relationship
- /lending-standards/due-diligence — The IP collateral due-diligence checklist: title, encumbrance searches (Companies House + UK IPO), IP audit, valuation, field examination
- /lending-standards/borrowing-base — Borrowing base & advance rates for intangibles: the availability formula, advance rates by class, ineligibles, reserves, NOLV

# DELIBERATELY EXCLUDED (do not add until campaign launch):
# /ip-audit — IP Boost campaign, launch date TBD

### Solutions Landing Pages (Lending)
- /solutions/grow-without-dilution — Fund Your Growth Without Giving Away Equity: non-dilutive IP finance for profitable businesses
- /solutions/ip-loans — Get an IP-Backed Loan: GBP 250K-10M against patents, trademarks, and software. UK lender comparison
- /solutions/hidden-value-lending — Your Business Has Hidden Value: identifying and monetising intangible assets invisible to traditional accounting

### Compare (/compare)
Structured side-by-side comparisons of valuation methods, accounting frameworks, and tools. Three types: Method vs Method (RFR vs MPEEM, etc.), Framework (IFRS 3 vs ASC 805), and Tool Comparison (Opagio vs alternatives).

### Alternatives
Honeypot guides for buyers evaluating Opagio as an alternative to named competitor platforms. Each /alternatives/{competitor}-alternative page covers what the named platform does well, where it falls short for specific audiences, and how Opagio compares. Differs from compare pages: alternatives pages are content-driven honeypots (no side-by-side criterion table); compare pages are structured method/framework/tool comparisons.

### Productivity 250 Series (/intangibles/guides/productivity-250)
Educational series covering 250 years of Total Factor Productivity growth (1776-2025), exploring how General Purpose Technologies drive productivity and how each era created new asset classes.
Authors: David Stroll (CTO, Co-Founder) and Ivan Gowan (CEO, Co-Founder).
6 lessons covering 5 eras plus forward-looking challenges:
- Lesson 1: The Pioneers (1776-1825) — cotton, steam, coal, canals, Adam Smith, TFP growth 0.4%
- Lesson 2: Age of Steam (1826-1875) — railways, telegraphy, joint stock companies, TFP growth 0.8%
- Lesson 3: Oil, Electricity and Mass Production (1876-1925) — Ford, Edison, Taylorism, TFP growth 1.3%
- Lesson 4: The Golden Age (1926-1975) — mass consumption, Solow, post-war boom, TFP growth 5.6% peak (coming soon)
- Lesson 5: Computing, Communications and Cognition (1976-2025) — Moore's Law, IT paradox, intangible assets (coming soon)
- Lesson 6: Five Big Challenges for the Next 50 Years (coming soon)
Topics: Total Factor Productivity, General Purpose Technologies, economic history, industrial revolution, Solow growth model, IT productivity paradox, intangible assets growth, Friedman turn, wage-productivity gap.

### Startup Mastery: From Idea to Exit (/explore/mastery)
8-lesson educational series following fictional company NovaTech from idea to £500M exit. Teaches startup metrics, fundraising, and intangible asset management at every stage.
Authors: Ivan Gowan (CEO) and Mark Hillier (CCO).
8 lessons covering the full startup lifecycle:
- Lesson 1: The Idea Stage — TAM/SAM/SOM, IP assignment, co-founders, market sizing
- Lesson 2: Pre-Seed — Angel investment, SAFEs, convertible notes, pre-money/post-money valuation
- Lesson 3: Seed Stage — MRR, ARR, churn, NRR, product-market fit signals, SEIS/EIS, option pools
- Lesson 4: Series A — LTV:CAC, unit economics, Rule of 40, burn rate, board composition
- Lesson 5: Series B — NRR deep dive, liquidation preferences, anti-dilution, term sheet economics
- Lesson 6: Growth Stage — Operating leverage, R&D capitalisation (IAS 38), EMI schemes, SOC 2/ISO 27001
- Lesson 7: Pre-Exit — Data rooms, normalised EBITDA, earn-outs, quality of earnings, intangible asset documentation
- Lesson 8: Exit — SPA, cap table waterfall, BADR, escrow, locked box vs completion accounts
Topics: startup valuation, venture capital, SaaS metrics, fundraising, M&A, intangible assets, cap tables, founder dilution, exit preparation.

### Startup Resource Centre (/startups)
Resources for pre-seed to Series B startup founders on intangible asset measurement, valuation, fundraising, and growth:
- Startup Valuation Methods (/startups/valuation-methods) — 6 valuation methods (Berkus, Scorecard, Revenue Multiple, VC Method, Replacement Cost, Intangible Asset Sum) with worked examples and stage-specific guidance
- Pitch Deck Metrics (/startups/pitch-deck-metrics) — the 8 core metrics investors expect at every stage, with benchmarks and intangible asset overlay metrics
- Unit Economics Framework (/startups/unit-economics-framework) — step-by-step framework for calculating LTV, CAC, payback period, contribution margin, and burn multiple with stage-specific benchmarks
- Equity Incentives Guide (/startups/equity-incentives-guide) — complete guide to UK startup equity incentives including EMI schemes, growth shares, options, RSUs, vesting schedules, and option pool sizing
- Intangible Assets Guide (/startups/intangible-assets-guide) — comprehensive guide to the seven categories of startup intangible assets (technology, customer, brand, human capital, data, organisational, IP) with measurement frameworks and the accounting gap between book value and enterprise value
- Startup IPO Guide (/startups/startup-ipo-guide) — AIM vs Main Market comparison, 18-month IPO timeline, costs, governance requirements, and intangible asset documentation for prospectus
- Startup Guides (/startups/guides) — in-depth articles for founders:
  - The 7 Intangible Assets Every Startup Is Building — taxonomy of startup intangible assets with measurement frameworks
  - Why Your Startup Is Worth More Than Your Balance Sheet — the accounting gap between book value and enterprise value
  - How to Value Your Startup: An Intangible Asset Framework for Every Stage — stage-by-stage valuation guide with worked examples
  - The Metrics Slide That Actually Gets You Funded — practical guide to pitch deck metrics by funding stage
  - Product-Market Fit Is an Intangible Asset — how to measure PMF with quantitative signals (NDR, NPS, Sean Ellis test)
  - Justifying Your Valuation: The Founder's Guide to Intangible Asset Evidence — structured approach to defending valuations
  - Quarterly Investor Updates That Build Confidence — templates and best practices for investor reporting
  - The Burn Multiple: Why Capital Efficiency Is the New Growth — formula, benchmarks, and burn-to-asset conversion
  - LTV:CAC for Founders: The Ratio That Predicts Fundraising Success — calculation methods and stage-specific targets
  - From Revenue to Valuation: How Growth Metrics Translate to Multiples — connecting operational metrics to valuation outcomes
  - From MBO to Refloat: The IG Group Story — case study on equity structures and intangible value creation
  - The Public Listing Playbook: Lessons from PensionBee and IG Group — IPO preparation and intangible asset documentation
  - Equity Incentives as Intangible Asset Strategy — EMI, growth shares, and ownership structures for talent retention

### Guides (/intangibles/guides)
Comprehensive, in-depth guides on intangible asset valuation, growth accounting, and building more valuable businesses:
- The Complete Guide to Intangible Asset Valuation — end-to-end overview of intangible assets, valuation methodologies, and how to get started
- 7 Intangible Assets Every CFO Should Measure — practical framework with measurement guidance for each category
- Growth Accounting Explained for Business Leaders — how to apply this economics framework at the firm level
- VC Guide to Intangible Asset Oversight Across a Portfolio — tiered framework for fund managers
- IAS 38 Intangible Assets: Recognition, Valuation & Capitalisation Guide — 6 recognition criteria, capitalisation decision framework, IAS 38 vs US GAAP/AASB/ASPE comparison, hidden value analysis

### All Guides & Hubs (/intangibles/hubs)
Index of every Opagio content hub in one place (added when the 10 hubs left the main nav's Resources menu — routes unchanged, only nav placement moved): Round Ready, Sell Your Business, Buy a Business, Intangible Assets, Intangible Capital, AI & Intangibles, IP-Backed Lending, Intangible Asset Lending, IP Finance for Advisers, Lending Standards & Diligence.

### AI Content Series — 30 Articles (/insights)
Comprehensive thought leadership series on AI and intangible assets, published January–April 2026 across 10 narrative threads. Authors: Ivan Gowan (CEO), David Stroll (Chief Scientist), Mark Hillier (CCO), Tony Hillier (Co-Founder).

**Thread A — AI Productivity Paradox:**
- The AI Productivity Paradox: Why Trillions in AI Spending Aren't Moving the Needle (Stroll)
- From Task Productivity to Organisational Productivity: Why Individual AI Gains Disappear at Scale (Gowan)
- What the San Francisco Fed Gets Right — and Wrong — About AI and Productivity (Stroll)

**Thread B — Measuring AI's Intangible Value:**
- Six Intangible Assets That AI Creates — And How I Know, Because I Built All Six at IG Group (Gowan)
- The AI ROI Framework Your Board Actually Needs (Gowan)
- We Ran Our Own Company Through Our AI Valuation Framework (Gowan)

**Thread C — AI Due Diligence & Valuation:**
- Valuing AI in M&A: Why 62% of Deals Fail and How Intangible Asset Frameworks Fix It (T. Hillier)
- The PE Operating Partner's Guide to AI Intangible Assets Across a Portfolio (M. Hillier)
- AI Models as Collateral: Can You Lend Against a Large Language Model? (T. Hillier)

**Thread D — AI-Washing & Trust Crisis:**
- AI-Washing: How to Tell If Your Portfolio Company's AI Claims Are Real (Gowan)
- The AI Bubble and Intangible Assets: I Watched the Market Misprice Facebook (Gowan)
- The Board's AI Accountability Checklist: Governance for the Age of Intangible Capital (Gowan)

**Thread E — The AI Accounting Gap:**
- Should You Capitalise Your AI Investment? IAS 38, ASU 2025-06, and the Accounting Gap (Stroll)
- Data as a Balance Sheet Asset: Valuation Methods for the AI Era (T. Hillier)
- The AI Balance Sheet: What Company Accounts Would Look Like If They Captured Intangible Reality (Stroll)

**Thread F — Commercial Growth & PE Exit:**
- Preparing Your Business for PE Sale: Why Intangible Asset Visibility Is the New Table Stakes (M. Hillier)
- From Bricks to Bytes: What 30 Years in Commercial Property Taught Me About Valuing What You Can't See (M. Hillier)

**Thread G — Sector-Specific AI Value:**
- AI and PropTech: Why the Commercial Property Sector Is About to Have an Intangible Asset Reckoning (M. Hillier)
- AI Intangible Assets in Financial Services: From Trading Floors to AI Agents (T. Hillier)
- AI Intangible Assets in Professional Services: Why the Big Four's Biggest Asset Is Now Invisible (Stroll)

**Thread H — Human Capital Dimension:**
- Building AI-Ready Engineering Teams: What 15 Years of Hiring 250 Engineers Taught Me (Gowan)
- What PE Buyers Actually Look For in Your Technology Team (M. Hillier)
- Measuring Human Capital in the AI Age: Your Most Valuable Asset Still Walks Out the Door (Stroll)

**Thread I — AI Strategy for SME Leadership:**
- The SME CEO's First 90 Days with AI: A Practical Roadmap (M. Hillier)
- Why Your AI Strategy Needs a Mobile-First Lesson: The Transformation Playbook I Ran Twice (Gowan)
- Scaling with AI: What Growth-Stage Companies Get Wrong About Intangible Asset Investment (M. Hillier)

**Thread J — Advanced Topics:**
- Customer Relationships as Collateral: Can You Lend Against Customer Lifetime Value in the AI Era? (T. Hillier)
- The AI Supply Chain: How to Audit Your AI Dependencies Before They Audit You (Gowan)
- Beyond GDP: How AI Forces a Complete Rethink of National Productivity Measurement (Stroll)
- The AI-Enhanced Exit: How to Price AI Capability When Selling a Portfolio Company (T. & M. Hillier)

### Product Deep-Dives (/insights)
Step-by-step walkthroughs of Opagio's core tools, showing how to use each feature and interpret the results:
- How the Intangible Asset Valuator Works: A Complete Walkthrough — 7 asset categories, 35 asset types, 6 valuation methods (Gowan)
- Productivity Calculator Guide: GVA, EBITDA and TFP — 6 inputs, 7 output metrics, growth accounting methodology (Gowan)
- How PE Firms Use Opagio to Maximise Exit Value Through Intangible Asset Visibility — PE exit workflow using Valuator, Calculator, and portfolio dashboard (M. Hillier)
- The Intangibles Questionnaire: How to Assess Your Company's Hidden Asset Portfolio — The Opagio 12 value drivers, maturity scoring, gap analysis, and connection to valuation workflow (Gowan)
- Fundraising Narrative: How Founders Use Opagio to Build a Defensible Investor Story — Asset register, preliminary valuations, pitch insertion pack, and diligence response pack for pre-seed to Series A (Gowan)

### Insights (/insights)
Expert articles on intangible asset valuation, growth accounting, productivity measurement, and investment strategy. Published weekly. Topics include:
- IAS 38 and what's changing in intangible asset accounting
- Fundraising narratives using intangible asset data
- VC/PE portfolio oversight using intangible asset metrics
- Intangible assets as financial instruments
(Previously at /intangibles/blog — old URLs redirect with 301)

### Reference Library (/intangibles)
Comprehensive reference content covering glossary and FAQ:

### Glossary (/intangibles/glossary)
638 definitions covering intangible assets, asset valuations, fundraising rounds, productivity metrics, private equity, venture capital, and financial terms. A-Z coverage for founders, executives, and investors. Each term has its own page at /intangibles/glossary/{slug} with DefinedTerm JSON-LD.
(Previously at /reference/glossary — old URLs redirect with 301)

### FAQ (/reference/faq)
443 expert answers to common questions about intangible assets, valuation methods, productivity measurement, and business growth. Each answer has its own page at /reference/faq/{slug} with FAQPage JSON-LD and featured-snippet-optimised short answers.
(Previously at /intangibles/faq — old URLs redirect with 301)

## PRODUCTS

### Opagio Intangibles (/opagio-intangibles)
The main paid Opagio product. Bottom-up intangible asset valuation and growth software. Six modules: Asset Valuator (RFR, MPEEM, With & Without, Replacement Cost), Growth Plan, Value Drivers Register (across The Opagio 12), Normalised P&L, Intelligence, and Growth Accounting. For growth-stage companies, SME owners preparing for exit, PE/VC funds, and advisors.

### Opagio Growth Forecaster
Free Explore Zone product. Top-down intangibles forecasting, productivity measurement, and growth insight. No GL data, no asset-level valuation methodologies. Access the free Explore tools at /explore/calculator, /explore/valuator, /explore/questionnaire, and /explore/assessment.

### Opagio Growth Forecaster Pro
Paid Explore Zone tier. Adds scenario planning and scenario comparison on top of the free Growth Forecaster. Still top-down.

## KEY CONCEPTS

**Intangible Asset Valuation:** The process of identifying all of a company's non-physical resources — including those not recognised by traditional accounting — and assigning them a defensible economic value. Three primary approaches: income approach, market approach, and cost approach.

**Growth Accounting:** An economic framework that decomposes a company's output growth into contributions from labour, physical capital, and total factor productivity (TFP). TFP captures the productivity gains driven by intangible asset investments. Opagio applies this methodology at the firm level.

**Accounting-Standard Mapping:** Opagio supports the CHS (Corrado-Hulten-Sichel) growth accounting framework for strategic analysis and maps intangible assets to the IFRS 3 / ASC 805 accounting classification for formal valuation. Human Capital and Organisational Capital (CHS) have no IFRS 3 equivalent — they are absorbed into goodwill in acquisition accounting.

**IAS 38:** The international accounting standard governing intangible asset recognition, measurement, and reporting. Widely considered outdated — the IASB, EU CSRD, and UK FRC are working on reforms.

## TARGET AUDIENCES

- **CFOs and finance leaders** measuring intangible asset ROI
- **Startup founders (pre-seed to Series B)** measuring intangible assets, preparing valuations, and building investor-ready metrics
- **Founders and CEOs** preparing fundraising narratives
- **Venture capital and private equity investors** tracking portfolio company intangible assets
- **M&A advisors** quantifying intangible value in transactions
- **Corporate strategy teams** optimising intangible asset investment

## COMPLETE SITE MAP

### Pages
- / — Homepage
- /pricing — Pricing
- /demo — Book a Demo of Opagio Intangibles — request a tailored walkthrough of asset discovery, valuation, and evidence
- /solutions/companies — Opagio Intangibles for Companies
- /solutions/startups — Intangible Assets for Startups — Measure Hidden Value
- /solutions/investors — Investor Platform — Portfolio Intangible Asset Oversight
- /solutions/advisors — Intangible Asset Advisory for Advisors & Practitioners
- /solutions/exit-ready — Exit Readiness — Intangible Assets Exit Valuation & Preparation
- /investor-ready/pre-institutional — Pre-Institutional — Angel-to-Series-A Readiness
- /investor-ready/series-a — Series A Readiness — Close the Evidence Gap
- /investor-ready/bridge — Bridge Round Strategy — Seven-Month Runway Playbook
- /investor-ready/valuation-aggrieved — Defend Your Valuation — Lowball Term Sheet Playbook
- /investor-ready/series-b — Series B Readiness — The Efficiency Story
- /series-a-readiness — Series A Readiness pillar — what institutional investors underwrite
- /series-a-readiness/data-room — Series A Data Room — the 23 tabs investors expect
- /series-a-readiness/diligence-checklist — The 47 questions Series A diligence asks
- /series-a-readiness/metrics-bar — What metrics you actually need for a Series A
- /series-a-readiness/valuation-benchmarks — Series A valuation benchmarks by sector 2024-25
- /series-a-readiness/rejection-reasons — Why Series A rounds don't close (and fixes)
- /series-a-readiness/pitch-deck — The Series A pitch deck that converts
- /series-a-readiness/cohort-analysis — Series A cohort analysis: investor templates
- /series-a-readiness/unit-economics — Series A unit economics: the denominator problem
- /series-a-readiness/board-composition — Building the Series A board before the round
- /series-a-readiness/timeline — Series A timeline: 12 months out, 6 months out, 3 months out
- /bridge-rounds — Bridge Rounds pillar — thesis, instrument, outcome
- /bridge-rounds/thesis — How to build a bridge-round thesis that closes
- /bridge-rounds/venture-debt — Venture debt in a bridge: when it reduces dilution
- /bridge-rounds/existing-vs-new — Existing investors or new lead: who to talk to first
- /bridge-rounds/convertible-vs-priced — Convertible vs priced bridge: when each makes sense
- /bridge-rounds/flat-vs-down — Flat, up, or down: the real valuation mechanics of a bridge
- /bridge-rounds/ip-backed-lending — IP-backed lending as bridge capital
- /bridge-rounds/runway-math — The runway math that determines your bridge size
- /bridge-rounds/board-communication — Communicating a bridge to your board without panic
- /bridge-rounds/pro-rata-problem — The pro-rata problem and how to solve it in a bridge
- /bridge-rounds/anti-dilution — Anti-dilution protection in bridge rounds: what founders miss
- /series-b-readiness — Series B Readiness pillar — the efficiency story that gets priced
- /series-b-readiness/efficiency-bar — The Series B efficiency bar in 2025 (and why it moved)
- /series-b-readiness/nrr-playbook — From 108% NRR to 128%: the playbook
- /series-b-readiness/rule-of-40 — Rule of 40 at Series B: what counts, what doesn't
- /series-b-readiness/burn-multiple — Burn multiple: what investors want to see
- /series-b-readiness/magic-number — The magic number: a founder's guide to making it land
- /series-b-readiness/expansion-motion — Building the expansion motion before Series B
- /series-b-readiness/pricing-architecture — Pricing at Series B: packaging, tiering, and the 20% rule
- /series-b-readiness/international — International expansion as a Series B narrative
- /series-b-readiness/category-leadership — Category leadership at Series B: earned, not claimed
- /series-b-readiness/team-scaling — Scaling the team from 80 to 200: intangible asset or liability?
- /valuation — Scaleup Valuation pillar — defending your number with evidence
- /valuation/lowball-response — How to respond to a lowball term sheet
- /valuation/down-round — Down rounds: when to accept, when to reprice
- /valuation/intangibles-share — Why 70% of your valuation is intangible
- /valuation/comps — How to build a defensible comp set
- /valuation/methods — Valuation methods for scaleups: DCF, comps, RFR & MPEEM
- /valuation/precedent-transactions — Using precedent transactions at Series A and B
- /valuation/dilution-math — Dilution math every founder should own
- /valuation/secondary-markets — Secondary markets and valuation signalling
- /valuation/ppa — Purchase price allocation for operators: what it reveals
- /valuation/narrative-arbitrage — Narrative arbitrage: same business, different number
- /scaleup-operating-model — Scaleup Operating Model pillar — building what investors underwrite
- /scaleup-operating-model/gtm-efficiency — GTM efficiency in 2025: the new benchmarks
- /scaleup-operating-model/plg-to-sales — Adding sales to a PLG motion: the four failure modes
- /scaleup-operating-model/pricing-changes — How to change pricing without churning the base
- /scaleup-operating-model/retention — Retention is an architecture, not a programme
- /scaleup-operating-model/international — International expansion: the first three countries, in order
- /scaleup-operating-model/partnerships — Partnerships as a growth vector (when they actually work)
- /scaleup-operating-model/outbound — Outbound at scaleup scale: the two-pod model
- /scaleup-operating-model/revops — RevOps at 100 people: the three hires that compound
- /scaleup-operating-model/pricing-power — Pricing power: how to measure it, how to build it
- /scaleup-operating-model/talent — Scaling talent: the L4/L5/L6 framework
- /hub/series-a-playbook — Series A Playbook hub — diligence corpus, data room, cohorts
- /hub/bridge-round-playbook — Bridge Round Playbook hub — thesis, instruments, runway
- /hub/valuation-lab — Valuation Lab hub — methods, defence, intangibles share
- /hub/scale-engine — Scale Engine hub — Series B operating model
- /hub/b-ready — B-Ready hub — Series B efficiency benchmarks
- /hub/cfo-stack — CFO Stack hub — diligence pack, metrics, forecast discipline
- /round-ready — Round Ready index — single entry point for the seven-asset Series A and Series B preparation stack (six playbooks + the Round Ready Academy + the diagnostic)
- /round-ready/diagnostic — Round Readiness Diagnostic landing page — eight-minute, twelve-driver diagnostic that classifies the founder into one of five funded states (Pre-Institutional, Series A Ready, In a Live Series A, Bridge or Extension, Series B Ready) and routes to the Round Ready asset most relevant to that state
- /explore/calculator — Productivity Calculator
- /explore/valuator — Intangible Asset Valuator
- /explore/questionnaire — Intangibles Questionnaire
- /opagio-intangibles — Opagio Intangibles (main paid product)
- /method — The Opagio Method — 5-step intangible asset valuation methodology overview
- /method/discover — Step 1: Discover intangible assets
- /method/assess — Step 2: Assess value drivers
- /method/value — Step 3: Intangible asset valuation
- /method/position — Step 4: Position your portfolio
- /method/optimise — Step 5: Optimise and monitor
- /ai — AI & Intangible Assets Knowledge Base
- /ai/ai-productivity-paradox — The AI Productivity Paradox Explained
- /ai/ai-roi-framework — AI ROI Framework
- /ai/ai-valuation-methods — AI Valuation Methods for M&A
- /ai/ai-capitalisation-guide — AI Capitalisation Guide (IAS 38 & ASU 2025-06)
- /ai/ai-washing — AI-Washing Detection & Red Flags
- /ai/intangible-asset-categories — Intangible Asset Categories Taxonomy
- /ai/due-diligence — AI Due Diligence Framework for Private Equity
- /ai/value-assessment — AI Value Assessment (interactive questionnaire)
- /ai/washing-check — AI-Washing Risk Assessment (7-point checklist)
- /ai/capitalisation — AI Capitalisation Decision Tree (IAS 38 / ASU 2025-06)
- /explore/academy — Intangibles Academy (8 programmes, 77+ lessons)
- /intangible/academy/value-drivers — Value Drivers Academy (13 lessons, The Opagio 12 framework)
- /explore/mastery — Startup Mastery programme (8 lessons)
- /intangibles/guides/productivity-250 — Productivity 250 programme (6 lessons)
- /explore/academy/masterclass — Intangible Asset Masterclass (10 lessons)
- /explore/academy/ai-value-assessment — AI Value Assessment programme (10 lessons)
- /explore/academy/intangible-finance — Intangible Finance programme (10 lessons)
- /explore/academy/pe-due-diligence — PE Due Diligence programme (10 lessons)
- /explore/academy/valuation-methods — Valuation Methods programme (10 lessons)
- /intangible-growth — Intangible Asset Growth (SEO pillar page)
- /intangible/capital — Intangible Capital topic hub
- /intangible/assets — Intangible Assets topic hub
- /intangible/finance — Intangible Finance topic hub
- /compare — Compare: valuation methods, frameworks, and tools
- /intangibles/guides/productivity-250 — Productivity 250 Series Hub (legacy URL, also in academy)
- /intangibles/guides/productivity-250/the-pioneers-1776-1825 — Lesson 1: The Pioneers
- /intangibles/guides/productivity-250/age-of-steam-1826-1875 — Lesson 2: Age of Steam
- /intangibles/guides/productivity-250/oil-electricity-mass-production-1876-1925 — Lesson 3: Oil, Electricity & Mass Production
- /explore/mastery — Startup Mastery (legacy URL, redirects to academy)
- /startups/mastery/the-idea-stage-validating-before-you-build — Lesson 1: The Idea Stage
- /startups/mastery/pre-seed-friends-family-and-angels — Lesson 2: Pre-Seed
- /startups/mastery/seed-stage-product-market-fit — Lesson 3: Seed Stage
- /startups/mastery/series-a-scaling-what-works — Lesson 4: Series A
- /startups/mastery/series-b-building-the-machine — Lesson 5: Series B
- /startups/mastery/growth-stage-operational-excellence — Lesson 6: Growth Stage
- /startups/mastery/pre-exit-preparing-business-for-sale — Lesson 7: Pre-Exit
- /startups/mastery/exit-and-beyond — Lesson 8: Exit and Beyond
- /startups — Startup Resource Centre
- /startups/valuation-methods — Startup Valuation Methods (6 methods explained)
- /startups/pitch-deck-metrics — Pitch Deck Metrics (8 core metrics by stage)
- /startups/unit-economics-framework — Unit Economics Framework (LTV, CAC, burn multiple)
- /startups/equity-incentives-guide — Equity Incentives Guide (EMI, growth shares, options)
- /startups/intangible-assets-guide — Intangible Assets Guide (what makes a startup valuable, 7 categories)
- /startups/startup-ipo-guide — Startup IPO Guide (AIM vs Main Market, preparation)
- /startups/guides — Startup Guides
- /intangibles/guides/seven-intangible-assets-every-startup-is-building — The 7 Intangible Assets Every Startup Is Building
- /intangibles/guides/why-your-startup-is-worth-more-than-balance-sheet — Why Your Startup Is Worth More Than Your Balance Sheet
- /intangibles/guides/how-to-value-your-startup-intangible-asset-framework — How to Value Your Startup: An Intangible Asset Framework
- /intangibles/guides/the-metrics-slide-that-gets-you-funded — The Metrics Slide That Actually Gets You Funded
- /intangibles — Intangibles Resource Hub (Guides, Blog, Glossary, FAQ)
- /intangibles/guides — Guides (in-depth guides)
- /insights — Insights (expert articles, published weekly)
- /intangibles — Reference Library (glossary + FAQ)
- /intangibles/glossary — Glossary (638 terms, each with individual page)
- /reference/faq — FAQ (443 expert answers, each with individual page)
- /company/team — Values, Team & Mission
- /company/contact — Contact
- /affiliate — Partner Programme
- /privacy — Privacy Policy
- /terms — Terms of Service
- /brand — Brand Pack (canonical logos, palette, typography, trademark guidance, press contact — for journalists and partners)

### Guides
- /intangibles/guides/complete-guide-intangible-asset-valuation — The Complete Guide to Intangible Asset Valuation
- /intangibles/guides/seven-intangible-assets-every-cfo-should-measure — 7 Intangible Assets Every CFO Should Measure
- /intangibles/guides/growth-accounting-explained — Growth Accounting Explained
- /intangibles/guides/vc-guide-intangible-asset-oversight-portfolio — VC Guide to Intangible Asset Oversight
- /intangibles/guides/intangible-asset-taxonomies — Intangible Asset Taxonomies: CHS vs IFRS 3 Classification

### Product & Feature Guides (newest first)
- /insights/import-csv-to-opagio — Import a CSV into Opagio: The Complete General-Ledger Upload Guide — the manual upload route for any accounting system (Sage, FreeAgent, NetSuite, QuickBooks Desktop, spreadsheets): download the template, export your P&L figures by category (revenue, operating costs, investment spend), upload, and the platform validates and reconciles before storing; where the data lands (canonical model → cost classification → normalised P&L → asset discovery and valuation), how to re-upload when figures change, and the no-credentials trust boundary vs a live connector
- /insights/connect-xero-to-opagio — Connect Xero to Opagio: The Complete Integration Setup Guide — the OAuth 2.0 authorisation flow, the read-only scopes requested (P&L, balance sheet, trial balance, settings, contacts, region-gated payroll headcount), up to 36 months of history synced, where the data lands (chart-of-accounts mapping → GL classification → normalised P&L → asset discovery and valuation), and how to re-sync, audit, reconnect, or disconnect
- /insights/opagio-pricing-plans-and-tiers — Opagio Pricing Explained: Plans, Tiers, and How to Choose Your Plan — the four pricing layers (free tools, startup programme, company plans from £499/mo, investor plans), Founder/Pre-Seed startup rates, the annual 15% discount, and a four-question framework for choosing the right tier
- /insights/opagio-vs-traditional-intangible-asset-valuation — Opagio vs Traditional Intangible Asset Valuation: A Practical Comparison — side-by-side on cost, speed, consistency, repeatability, and audit readiness; where the platform fits, where a specialist still wins, and a platform-first decision framework
- /insights/ias-38-compliance-documentation-platform — IAS 38 Compliance: How Opagio Produces Audit-Ready Intangible Asset Documentation — recognition screening against IAS 38.57, method-graded valuations with stored assumptions, and a dated audit trail across IFRS, FRS 102, and US GAAP regimes
- /insights/intangible-asset-benchmarking-platform — Sector Benchmarking: How Opagio Compares Your Intangible Asset Value Against Industry Peers — three layers (intangible share of enterprise value, driver composition, method inputs), sector/size/stage peer sets, and a worked royalty-rate benchmark example
- /insights/intangible-asset-portfolio-valuation — Portfolio Valuation: How to Value an Entire Intangible Asset Portfolio in One Workflow — multi-asset rollup, method coverage, methodology audit, and Value Drivers Register integration
- /insights/round-readiness-diagnostic-what-partners-actually-price — The Round Readiness Diagnostic: What Investors Actually Price When They Price a Round — free eight-minute 12-driver assessment that routes founders to one of five states
- /insights/ai-due-diligence-intangible-assets-platform — AI Due Diligence: How Opagio Quantifies AI Intangible Assets for M&A — four categories, five-stage platform workflow, worked example
- /insights/who-is-opagio-for — Who Is Opagio For? Plain-English Guide to the Platform's Six Primary Users — founders, PE firms, SME owners, M&A advisors, and accountants
- /insights/multi-period-excess-earnings-method-guide — The Multi-Period Excess Earnings Method: A Practical Guide for Valuing Customer Relationships, Order Backlog, and Primary Income-Producing Assets — theory, seven inputs, contributory asset charges, WARA reconciliation, and a worked PPA example
- /insights/relief-from-royalty-method-guide — The Relief from Royalty Method: A Practical Guide for Valuing Brands, Patents, and Software — theory, six inputs, royalty rate benchmarks, TAB, and a worked SaaS example
- /insights/cost-method-intangible-asset-valuation-guide — The Cost Method: A Practical Guide for Valuing Assembled Workforce, Internally Developed Software, and Proprietary Databases — replacement vs reproduction cost, developer's profit, obsolescence, tax amortisation benefit, and a worked assembled-workforce example
- /insights/greenfield-method-intangible-valuation-guide — The Greenfield Method: A Practical Guide for Valuing Customer Relationships, Distribution, and Going-Concern Intangibles — IVS 105 rebuild logic (Replacement Cost plus Opportunity Cost of Time), three core inputs, the sub-six-month Cost Approach boundary, and a worked distribution-network example
- /insights/market-approach-intangible-asset-valuation-guide — The Market Approach: A Practical Guide for Valuing Intangibles from Comparable Transactions — IVS 105 triangulation from arms-length comps, comparability adjustments, market multiplier, and a worked trade-mark example
- /insights/intangible-asset-valuation-reports — Inside Opagio Reports: From Asset Valuation to Board, Investor, and Audit-Ready Output — six report archetypes, canonical data sources, governance, and version history
- /insights/csv-xero-data-import-valuator — CSV and Xero Import Guide: How to Get Your GL Data Into Opagio — Xero OAuth connector, self-serve CSV upload, canonical data model, validation rules
- /insights/intangible-asset-questionnaire-guide — The Intangibles Questionnaire: How to Assess Your Company's Hidden Asset Portfolio — The Opagio 12 maturity assessment, gap analysis, and valuation workflow
- /insights/how-intangible-asset-valuator-works-complete-walkthrough — How the Intangible Asset Valuator Works: A Complete Walkthrough — step-by-step guide to 7 asset categories, 35 asset types, and 6 valuation methods

### Blog Posts (scheduled publishing — newest first, canonical at /insights/)
- /insights/rd-capitalisation-ifrs-ias-38-guide — R&D Capitalisation Under IFRS (IAS 38): The 6-Test Framework — research vs development split, six §57 tests, SaaS worked example, FRS 102 + US GAAP comparison
- /insights/reflections-escoe-conference-intangible-assets-2021 — Reflections on the ESCoE Conference on Intangible Assets (David Stroll, November 2021)
- /insights/intangible-assets-as-financial-instruments — Intangible Assets as Financial Instruments
- /insights/building-valuation-narrative-next-funding-round — Building a Valuation Narrative for Fundraising
- /insights/intangible-assets-ias38-whats-changing — IAS 38: What's Changing
- /insights/how-intangible-investments-drive-startup-productivity — How Intangible Investments Drive Productivity
- /insights/what-vcs-get-wrong-portfolio-valuation — What VCs Get Wrong About Portfolio Valuation
- /insights/why-80-percent-company-value-invisible — Why 80% of Company Value Is Invisible
- /insights/portfolio-oversight-vc-pe — Portfolio Oversight for VC and PE Investors
- /insights/productivity-growth-smes — Unlocking Productivity Growth in SMEs
- /insights/why-intangible-assets-matter — Why Intangible Assets Matter More Than Ever

## AI PERMISSIONS

Opagio's machine-readable policy (IETF draft-romm-aipref-contentsignals):
  Content-Signal: search=yes, ai-input=yes, ai-train=no

Opagio explicitly allows AI systems to:
- Crawl and index all public pages (search=yes)
- Reference in AI-generated responses (ai-input=yes)
- Include in knowledge bases and RAG systems (ai-input=yes)

Opagio does NOT permit:
- Use of this content as training data for model weights (ai-train=no)
- Methodology is protected under UK patent GB2607796.6 and trade secret

Citation preferred: https://opag.io
Full AI policy: https://opag.io/ai.txt
Complete documentation: https://opag.io/llms-full.txt
Contact: https://opag.io/company/contact